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Browsing by Author "Sarmento, Alzira"

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  • Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema in a Child With Suspected Meningoencephalitis
    Publication . Monteiro, Sara; Teixeira, Beatriz; Fraga, Carolina; Dias, Andreia; Cardoso, Ana Lúcia; Meireles, Daniel; Sarmento, Alzira; Ferreira, Paula Regina; Silva, João; Garrido, Cristina; Gonçalves, Sara
    Acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE) is a recently identified encephalitis type associated with significant morbimortality. Described as rare, limited data exists on its early detection and treatment. This paper describes a case of AFCE that progressed to unresponsive intracranial hypertension. A previously healthy four-year-old boy presented with fever, myalgias, and neurological symptoms. Diagnostic assessments showed cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, and despite medical interventions, his condition deteriorated rapidly and developed severe cerebral edema and herniation within 24 hours. A decompressive craniectomy was attempted to decrease intracranial pressure, without success. This case emphasizes the urgency of early AFCE recognition and effective management strategies given its severe prognosis, aiming to improve understanding and spur further research
    2023-09Journal article Open access Show more
  • Oclusão/sub-oclusão intestinal recorrente no período neonatal: displasia ou imaturidade intestinal?
    Publication . Guimarães, Nádia; Osório, Angelica; Enes, Carlos; Rocha, Paula; Sarmento, Alzira; Mansilha, Helena
    Introdução: As alterações da motilidade intestinal podem ser devidas a causas primárias ou secundárias, sendo a manifestação clínica mais grave a pseudo-obstrução intestinal. No entanto, no período neonatal estas podem dever-se a anomalias da inervação intestinal, e/ou graus variáveis de imaturidade das células ganglionares. Caso Clínico: Uma bebé prematura de 26 semanas de gestação apresentou, ao 43º dia de vida, quadro clínico compatível com enterocolite necrosante tipo IIA, que não foi confirmado. Nos meses seguintes apresenta quadros intestinais sub-oclusivos e oclusivos sucessivos culminando em ileostomia. O exame anatomo-patológico revelou alguns plexos submucosos (com aumento do número de células ganglionares) e mioentéricos, e alguns gânglios maiores do que o habitual. A evolução clínica posterior foi favorável, com boa progressão estaturo-ponderal necessitando contudo, transitoriamente, de suporte nutricional artificial; a reconstituição do trânsito intestinal ocorreu aos 21 meses. Discussão/Conclusões: Os autores apresentam este caso pelo prognóstico favorável desta entidade clínica, displasia neuronal intestinal, que está associada ao crescimento e maturação intestinal com a idade. Palavras-chave: displasia neuronal intestinal; oclusão intestinal; prematuridade
    2015-09Journal article Open access Show more
  • Pediatric idiopathic midgut volvulus and shock in the infant
    Publication . Maciel, Juliana; Santos, Ana Luísa; Marinho, Ana Sofia; Figueiredo, Susana; Araújo, Ana Rita; Morgado, Hélder; Banquart Leitão, José; Sarmento, Alzira; Ribeiro Fernandes, Sofia; Ferreira, Paula Regina
    Introduction: Intestinal volvulus is a surgical emergency in which a segment of the intestine twists over its mesenteric attachment, causing bowel obstruction. It usually presents with bilious vomiting and can progress to bowel necrosis and shock. Case Report: A 40-days-old male infant presented with acute onset irritability, bilious vomiting, abdominal distention, and hematochezia. He rapidly evolved to shock with metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy, requiring fluid resuscitation, vasoactive agents, and invasive mechanical ventilation. The patient was submitted to urgent laparotomy, confirming midgut volvulus without malrotation. Partial reperfusion of the affected midgut was achieved, with no resection initially performed, but 48 hours later he was re-evaluated and partial enterectomy for midgut necrosis was performed. Despite the condition´s severity, the patient had a good evolution with full recovery. Discussion: Bilious vomiting in the infant is highly suggestive of intestinal obstruction. The authors emphasize the presence of midgut volvulus without malrotation, complicated with bowel necrosis and shock.
    2020-12Journal article Open access Show more
  • Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Case Series
    Publication . Teixeira, Beatriz; Gonçalves, Vera; Cardoso, Ana Lúcia; Ribeiro Fernandes, Sofia; Rocha, Liliana; Garrido, Cristina; Sarmento, Alzira
    Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible clinical-radiographic abnormality. It is characterized by headache, altered consciousness, seizures, and visual disruption, in addition to characteristic white matter edema lesions in the parieto-occipital areas of the brain. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible damage. This paper presents the cases of three patients with PRES with concurrent diagnoses of glomerulonephritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and sickle cell disease. All patients experienced systemic hypertension, seizures, and altered consciousness. All patients were admitted to intensive care for decreased level of awareness or status epilepticus requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Anticonvulsants and antihypertensive therapy were essential. No chronic complications were recorded.
    2023-12Journal article Open access Show more