Browsing by Author "Cardoso, Joana"
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- Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome: The Result of Cobicistat and Glucocorticoid Interaction in an HIV Patient After Bariatric SurgeryPublication . Benido Silva, Vânia; Cardoso, Joana; Esteves Brandão, Maria; Mesquita, Isabel; Pereira, Maria TeresaCobicistat, used as a pharmacokinetic booster in therapeutic combination with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors and integrase inhibitors, is a strong inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Since most glucocorticoids are metabolized by the isoenzyme of the cytochrome P450 pathway, their plasma concentrations can be highly increased in the presence of cobicistat-boosted darunavir, with subsequent risk of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome (ICS) and secondary adrenal insufficiency. We report a case of a 45-year-old man with HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infection treated with raltegravir and darunavir/cobicistat since 2019. In May 2021, he underwent a sleeve gastrectomy due to morbid obesity (BMI: 50.9 kg/m2) with multiple comorbidities. Four months after surgery, he was diagnosed with asthma and was started on inhaled budesonide, which was later changed to fluticasone propionate. At the 12-month postoperative visit, the patient referred proximal muscle weakness and asthenia, and suboptimal weight loss (excess weight loss of 39%) and high blood pressure were documented. Moon facies, buffalo hump, and abdominal large vinous striae were evident on physical examination. Laboratory studies showed impaired glucose metabolism and hypokalemia. Cushing's syndrome was suspected and further investigation confirmed its iatrogenic origin. The diagnosis of ICS and consequent secondary adrenal insufficiency due to an interaction between the darunavir/cobicistat combination and budesonide/fluticasone was established. Darunavir/cobicistat therapy was replaced by dolutegravir/doravirine dual therapy, inhaled corticoid was switched to beclomethasone, and glucocorticoid substitutive therapy was introduced. This is a particular case of overt ICS due to cobicistat-inhaled corticosteroid interaction in a superobese patient, developed after he underwent bariatric surgery. The presence of morbid obesity, combined with the rarity of this pharmacological complication in individuals taking cobicistat, made the correct diagnosis even more challenging. A meticulous review of pharmacologic habits and potential interactions is essential to avoid serious harm to patients.
- Pneumomediastino espontâneo: descrição de dois casosPublication . Barbosa, Luciana; Cardoso, Joana; Rodrigues, Joana; Dinis, Maria José; Carvalho, IsabelIntrodução: O Pneumomediastino espontâneo é uma entidade rara na infância, sendo na maioria dos casos desencadeado por uma crise asmática grave. A dor torácica e dispneia são os sintomas mais frequentes de apresentação, sendo o diagnóstico feito habitualmente pela radiografia de tórax. O tratamento conservador é preferencial, com prognóstico favorável. Casos clínicos: O primeiro caso, um adolescente de 14 anos, com o diagnóstico de pneumomediastino e enfisema subcutâneo espontâneos, sem fator desencadeante evidente, apesar de ter antecedentes de asma. O segundo caso, uma criança de 19 meses que desenvolveu, como complicação de uma pneumonia, um pneumomediastino espontâneo toraco-cervical e um pneumotórax. A evolução foi favorável, no primeiro caso apenas com medidas sintomáticas e no segundo, houve necessidade de colocação de dreno torácico com melhoria progressiva do quadro respiratório. Discussão/conclusões: Estes casos constituem exemplos de pneumomediastino espontâneo que se destacam pela raridade desta patologia nesta faixa etária.