Browsing by Author "Carrilho, Inês"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Cardiac phenotype in ATP1A3-related syndromesPublication . Balestrini, Simona; Mikati, Mohamad A.; Álvarez-García-Rovés, Reyes; Carboni, Michael; Hunanyan, Arsen S.; Kherallah, Bassil; McLean, Melissa; Prange, Lyndsey; De Grandis, Elisa; Gagliardi, Alessandra; Pisciotta, Livia; Stagnaro, Michela; Veneselli, Edvige; Campistol, Jaume; Fons, Carmen; Pias-Peleteiro, Leticia; Brashear, Allison; Miller, Charlotte; Samões, Raquel; Brankovic, Vesna; Padiath, Quasar S.; Potic, Ana; Pilch, Jacek; Vezyroglou, Aikaterini; Bye, Ann M.E.; Davis, Andrew M.; Ryan, Monique M.; Semsarian, Christopher; Hollingsworth, Georgina; Scheffer, Ingrid E.; Granata, Tiziana; Nardocci, Nardo; Ragona, Francesca; Arzimanoglou, Alexis; Panagiotakaki, Eleni; Carrilho, Inês; Zucca, Claudio; Novy, Jan; Dzieżyc, Karolina; Parowicz, Marek; Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Maria; Weckhuysen, Sarah; Pons, Roser; Groppa, Sergiu; Sinden, Daniel S.; Pitt, Geoffrey S.; Tinker, Andrew; Ashworth, Michael; Michalak, Zuzanna; Thom, Maria; Cross, J. Helen; Vavassori, Rosaria; Kaski, Juan P.; Sisodiya, Sanjay M.Objective: To define the risks and consequences of cardiac abnormalities in ATP1A3-related syndromes. Methods: Patients meeting clinical diagnostic criteria for rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) with ATP1A3 genetic analysis and at least 1 cardiac assessment were included. We evaluated the cardiac phenotype in an Atp1a3 knock-in mouse (Mashl+/-) to determine the sequence of events in seizure-related cardiac death. Results: Ninety-eight patients with AHC, 9 with RDP, and 3 with CAPOS (63 female, mean age 17 years) were included. Resting ECG abnormalities were found in 52 of 87 (60%) with AHC, 2 of 3 (67%) with CAPOS, and 6 of 9 (67%) with RDP. Serial ECGs showed dynamic changes in 10 of 18 patients with AHC. The first Holter ECG was abnormal in 24 of 65 (37%) cases with AHC and RDP with either repolarization or conduction abnormalities. Echocardiography was normal. Cardiac intervention was required in 3 of 98 (≈3%) patients with AHC. In the mouse model, resting ECGs showed intracardiac conduction delay; during induced seizures, heart block or complete sinus arrest led to death. Conclusions: We found increased prevalence of ECG dynamic abnormalities in all ATP1A3-related syndromes, with a risk of life-threatening cardiac rhythm abnormalities equivalent to that in established cardiac channelopathies (≈3%). Sudden cardiac death due to conduction abnormality emerged as a seizure-related outcome in murine Atp1a3-related disease. ATP1A3-related syndromes are cardiac diseases and neurologic diseases. We provide guidance to identify patients potentially at higher risk of sudden cardiac death who may benefit from insertion of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
- Dravet Syndrome − experience of a Neuropediatric UnitPublication . Figueiredo Costa, Marcos; Rocha, Ruben; Baptista, Cristina Freitas; Santos, Manuela; Figueiroa, Sónia; Carrilho, Inês; Temudo, TeresaIntroduction: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and complex genetic epilepsy syndrome. The first seizures are generally induced by fever in the first year of life of a previously healthy child, and the condition is typically associated with impaired psychomotor development. The authors present a clinical review of DS patients followed at a Neuropediatric Unit of a level III Pediatric Hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with DS followed at a Neuropediatric Unit between 2001 and 2019. Results: Twenty-two patients were diagnosed and followed in this institution. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at first seizure was 4.5 (4-5.75) months, which was described as generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizure, or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, and 95% of patients had fever during this first episode. Neuroimaging and first electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal in all patients. SCN1A gene mutations were detected in 21 (95%) patients. All patients underwent multiple antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens. Psychomotor development was delayed in 20 (91%) patients, and 13 (59%) presented ataxia. At the end of follow-up, the median (IQR) age was 19 (8-23) years, with no reported deaths. Discussion: The characteristics of the first DS seizures are crucial for diagnosis, which can be supported by genetic sequencing, with most patients presenting an SCN1A gene mutation. Neuroimaging and EEG are typically normal at disease onset, but most patients present EEG abnormalities over time. Seizure management can be challenging, requiring a combination of multiple AEDs. Conclusion: DS is a progressive disease associated with poor cognitive and motor skill outcomes, resulting in great morbidity. Early diagnosis can help avoid unnecessary studies, optimize the therapeutic strategy, allow genetic counseling, and improve long-term outcomes.
- Marcha em pontas idiopática em idade pediátricaPublication . Domingues, Sara; Melo, Cláudia; Magalhães, Catarina; Figueiroa, Sónia; Carrilho, Inês; Temudo, TeresaA marcha em pontas tem uma incidência de 7-24% na popu¬lação pediátrica em geral e é uma causa relativamente frequente de referenciação à consulta de neurologia pediátrica. A marcha em pontas idiopática ocorre em crianças saudáveis, sem espas¬ticidade e com reflexos osteotendinosos normais; é evidente desde o início da marcha autónoma, sempre bilateral e não pro¬gressiva. A sua etiologia é desconhecida, pelo que se trata de um diagnóstico de exclusão. Assim, na avaliação destas crian¬ças é essencial estar alerta para sinais sensoriais ou motores, pois este padrão de marcha pode ser o primeiro sinal de patolo¬gia tal como paralisia cerebral, distrofia muscular congénita ou perturbação do espectro do autismo. As opções terapêuticas passam por tratamentos conservadores, como fisioterapia, uti¬lização de calçado formativo, talas ou ortóteses, ou tratamen¬tos mais invasivos, como uso de gessos seriados, aplicação de toxina botulínica ou cirurgia. Neste artigo de atualização pretende-se: abordar alguns aspetos epidemiológicos e fisiopatológicos, rever a apresenta¬ção clinica e diagnósticos diferenciais e propor orientações para o seguimento e tratamento em idade pediátrica.
- A very rare cause of infantile spasmsPublication . Fonseca, Margarida Silva; Vieira, Clara; Chorão, Rui; Bandeira, Anabela; Carrilho, InêsPsychomotor development regression or delay associated with epilepsy represent a diagnostic challenge. The diagnostic approach should take into account age group, epileptic syndrome, physical and neurological data, and organ and/or system involvement. Herein is reported the case of a toddler for whom hair development, epileptic seizure evolution, and electroencephalographic findings were key for Menkes kinky hair disease diagnosis. The typical electroclinical evolution in this syndrome has rarely been previously reported. A 22-month-old boy, born at 35 weeks, was admitted to the hospital by the age of two months due to epileptic seizures. Physical examination revealed dysmorphic facial features, pectus excavatum, and inguinal hernias. Antiepileptic drugs were initiated and one month later the patient was readmitted with recurrent epileptic seizures. Transfer to a hospital with Pediatric Neurology support was required, where light-toned and pleated skin, sparse hair, failure to thrive, and axial hypotonia were remarked. Initial investigation with general metabolic, neuroimaging, ophthalmological, and microarray study revealed no changes. Electroencephalograms were markedly abnormal, initially with focal changes and later with hypsarrhythmia. Considering the patient’s phenotype, copper serum level was analysed, with null value. Molecular study confirmed Menkes kinky hair disease and copper histidine therapy was initiated. Menkes kinky hair disease should be considered in infants with global developmental delay, severe hypotonia, refractory epilepsy, and typical hair and skin changes occurring early in life. However, neonatal diagnosis is hampered by age-unspecific signs and symptoms. Despite being a rare and fatal entity, timely diagnosis allowing early therapy institution and avoiding unnecessary additional tests and prompt genetic counseling are of utmost importance.