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Bases de Dados Genéticos
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Abstract(s)
RESUMO
Dados genéticos são informações
especiais que caracterizam pessoas, famílias
e até etnias. O interesse em pesquisá-los levou à estruturação de bases
de dados que configuram os biobancos e
as bases de dados de perfis de DNA. Os
primeiros se relacionam com a pesquisa
médica e os últimos, de utilidade forense,
se destinam à investigação criminal e
identificação civil. A manipulação da informação
genética representa um significativo
poder científico que se desdobra em
atraentes interesses econômicos e políticos,
descortinando inquirições quanto ao
uso do patrimônio gênico com intenções
discriminatórias e eugênicas. O objetivo
deste artigo é analisar as principais questões
éticas decorrentes da vulnerabilidade
da dignidade humana que podem
suscitar o registro e manejo de dados
genéticos em investigação científica, criminal
e civil. Através de pesquisa teórica
foram discutidas várias inquietudes a
respeito do manejo indesejável, privado
ou público, do poder informativo do DNA.
Concluiu-se que as principais questões
éticas ligadas com as bases de dados
genéticos refletem o risco de “genetização
da vida” como uma forma nova de
medicalização e reforço do poder privado
ou público sobre a vida democrática, com
a compressão de direitos fundamentais
de cidadania baseados na valorização da
dignidade da pessoa humana.
ABSTRACT Genetic data are particular groups of information that characterize people, families and races. Research into these groups has led to data base structures that constitute the biobanks and DNA profile databases. The former are related to medical research and the latter to forensic medicine, which is used in criminal investigations and for civil identification purposes. The manipulation of gentic information represents significant scientific power which is linked with political and economis interests, giving rise to questions as to the use of genetic data for discriminatory and eugenic purposes. The object of this article is to analize the principal ethical questions, like the vulnerability of human dignity, that may result from bad handling of genetic data in civil, criminal and scientific cases. Beyond the theoretical research, various fears related with the informative power of DNA are discussed, concerning private or public sample mishandling. It is concluded that the main ethical questions linked to genetic databases reflect the “geneticization of life” as a new form of medicine and the reinforcement of public or private power over democratic life, with the compression of fundamental rights of citizenship, based on the valuation of the dignity of human life.
ABSTRACT Genetic data are particular groups of information that characterize people, families and races. Research into these groups has led to data base structures that constitute the biobanks and DNA profile databases. The former are related to medical research and the latter to forensic medicine, which is used in criminal investigations and for civil identification purposes. The manipulation of gentic information represents significant scientific power which is linked with political and economis interests, giving rise to questions as to the use of genetic data for discriminatory and eugenic purposes. The object of this article is to analize the principal ethical questions, like the vulnerability of human dignity, that may result from bad handling of genetic data in civil, criminal and scientific cases. Beyond the theoretical research, various fears related with the informative power of DNA are discussed, concerning private or public sample mishandling. It is concluded that the main ethical questions linked to genetic databases reflect the “geneticization of life” as a new form of medicine and the reinforcement of public or private power over democratic life, with the compression of fundamental rights of citizenship, based on the valuation of the dignity of human life.
Description
Keywords
Base de dados bioética biobancos perfis de ADN Databases bioethics biobancs DNA profiles
Citation
Nascer e Crescer 2009; 18(4): 275-282