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Publication
Long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program in the control of cardiovascular risk factors
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca visam melhorar a capacidade funcional do doente com patologia cardíaca, assim como educar e acompanhar no controlo dos seus fatores de risco cardiovasculares.
Objetivo
Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca em doentes com doença cardíaca isquémica ao longo de 12 meses de follow-up no que se refere ao controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular.
Métodos
Estudo prospetivo que inclui doentes com diagnóstico de doença cardíaca isquémica que completaram programa de reabilitação cardíaca baseado no exercício entre janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, sem perda de dados no follow-up. Foram avaliados num momento inicial (primeira consulta da fase ii) aos 3, 6 e 12 meses depois, com registo dos seguintes parâmetros: índice de massa corporal, circometria abdominal, perfil lipídico, HbA1c nos doentes diabéticos, tensão arterial, tabagismo e nível de atividade física (através do International Physical Activity Questionnaire).
Resultados
Amostra de 256 doentes (76,2%; idade média: 67 anos); a dislipidemia revelou-se o fator de risco mais prevalente (74,2%) seguido de excesso ponderal (71,5%). No final da fase ii ocorreu uma melhoria estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) em todos os fatores de risco estudados, que se manteve aos 6 e 12 meses de follow-up, com a exceção do IMC (perda do significado estatístico na avaliação dos 6 meses; p=0,92).
Conclusão
Este estudo salienta a necessidade de programas de reabilitação cardíaca no contexto da prevenção secundária da doença cardiovascular e a importância de implementar estratégias que potenciem a manutenção dos benefícios a longo prazo.
Introduction Cardiac rehabilitation programs are designed to improve patients’ functional capacity, as well as to educate them and to monitor their cardiovascular risk factors. Aim The study aims to evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation programs in patients with coronary disease over a 12-month follow-up period with regard to control of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods This was a prospective study of patients diagnosed with coronary disease who completed an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program between January 2008 and December 2009 and who were not lost to follow-up. Patients were evaluated at an early stage (first medical consultation in phase II of the program) and 3, 6 and 12 months later, the following parameters being assessed: weight and body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, HbA1c in diabetic patients, blood pressure, smoking status and physical activity (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Results In the sample of 256 patients (76.2% male, mean age 67 years), dyslipidemia proved to be the most prevalent risk factor (74.2%), followed by overweight (71.5%). There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in all risk factors studied at the end of phase II of the program, which was maintained at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, with the exception of body mass index (loss of statistical significance at 6-month assessment, p=0.92). Conclusion This study highlights the need for cardiac rehabilitation programs in the context of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and the importance of implementing strategies that promote long-term maintenance of their benefits.
Introduction Cardiac rehabilitation programs are designed to improve patients’ functional capacity, as well as to educate them and to monitor their cardiovascular risk factors. Aim The study aims to evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation programs in patients with coronary disease over a 12-month follow-up period with regard to control of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods This was a prospective study of patients diagnosed with coronary disease who completed an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program between January 2008 and December 2009 and who were not lost to follow-up. Patients were evaluated at an early stage (first medical consultation in phase II of the program) and 3, 6 and 12 months later, the following parameters being assessed: weight and body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, HbA1c in diabetic patients, blood pressure, smoking status and physical activity (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Results In the sample of 256 patients (76.2% male, mean age 67 years), dyslipidemia proved to be the most prevalent risk factor (74.2%), followed by overweight (71.5%). There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in all risk factors studied at the end of phase II of the program, which was maintained at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, with the exception of body mass index (loss of statistical significance at 6-month assessment, p=0.92). Conclusion This study highlights the need for cardiac rehabilitation programs in the context of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and the importance of implementing strategies that promote long-term maintenance of their benefits.
Description
Keywords
Reabilitação cardíaca Doença cardíaca isquémica Fatores de risco cardiovascular
Citation
Magalhães, S, et al., Efeitos a longo prazo de um programa de reabilitac¸ão cardíaca no controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Rev Port Cardiol 2013;32(3):191-199
Publisher
Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia