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- Influence of spironolactone on matrix metalloproteinase-2 in acute decompensated heart failurePublication . Ferreira, J.; Santos, M.; Oliveira, J.; Marques, I.; Bettencourt, P.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes important for the resorption of extracellular matrices, control of vascular remodeling and repair. Increased activity of MMP2 has been demonstrated in heart failure, and in acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) a decrease in circulating MMPs has been demonstrated along with successful treatment.
- Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: from basic science to clinical practicePublication . Ferreira, J.; Santos, M.Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two growing epidemics associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often coexist due to common risk factors and shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients presenting with both HF and AF have a worse prognosis and present a particular therapeutic challenge to clinicians. This review aims to appraise the common pathophysiological background, as well as the prognostic and therapeutic implications of coexistent HF and AF.
- Potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in end-stage renal disease patients under hemodialysisPublication . Sameiro-Faria, M.; Kohlova, M.; Ribeiro, S.; Rocha-Pereira, P.; Teixeira, L.; Nascimento, H.; Reis, F.; Miranda, V.; Bronze-da-Rocha, E.; Quintanilha, A.; Belo, L.; Costa, E.; Santos-Silva, A.We evaluated the potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in hemodialysis (HD) patients. An enlarged set of studies were evaluated in 191 HD patients, including hematological study, lipid profile, iron metabolism, nutritional, inflammatory markers, and dialysis adequacy. The TA duplication screening in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 A1 (UGT1A1) promoter region was also performed. The UGT1A1 genotype frequencies in HD patients were 49.2%, 42.4%, and 8.4% for 6/6, 6/7, and 7/7 genotypes, respectively. Although no difference was found in UGT1A1 genotype distribution between the three tertiles of bilirubin, significant differences were found with increasing bilirubin levels, namely, a decrease in platelet, leukocyte, and lymphocyte counts, transferrin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), ox-LDL/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, Apo B, and interleukin-6 serum levels and a significant increased concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte count, iron, transferrin saturation, Apo A/Apo B ratio, adiponectin, and paraoxonase 1 serum levels. After adjustment for age these results remained significant. Our data suggest that higher bilirubin levels are associated with beneficial effects in HD patients, by improving lipid profile and reducing the inflammatory grade, which might contribute to increase in iron availability. These results suggest a potential cardiovascular risk protection of bilirubin in HD patients
- Renal sympathetic denervation in resistant hypertensionPublication . Santos, M.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.Resistant hypertension remains a major clinical problem despite the available multidrug therapy. Over the next decades, its incidence will likely increase given that it is strongly associated with older age and obesity. Resistant hypertension patients have an increased cardiovascular risk, thus effective antihypertensive treatment will provide substantial health benefits. The crosstalk between sympathetic nervous system and kidneys plays a crucial role in hypertension. It influences several pathophysiological mechanisms such as the central sympathetic tone, the sodium balance and the systemic neurohumoral activation. In fact, studies using several animal models demonstrated that the renal denervation prevented and attenuated hypertension in multiple species. Large reductions in blood pressure were also observed in malignant hypertension patients submitted to sympathectomy surgeries. However, these approaches had an unacceptably high rates of periprocedural complications and disabling adverse events. Recently, an innovative non-pharmacological therapy that modulates sympathetic activation has been successfully developed. Renal sympathetic percutaneous denervation is an endovascular procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to destroy the autonomic renal nerves running inside the adventitia of renal arteries. This method represents a promising new approach to the strategy of inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system. The aim of this review is to examine the background knowledge that resulted in the development of this hypertension treatment and to critically appraise the available clinical evidence
- Triple, simultaneous, very late coronary stent thrombosisPublication . Silva-Vieira, M.; Luz, A.; Anjo, D.; Antunes, N.; Santos, M.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.; Torres, S.Abstract Coronary artery stent thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication. The risk of very late stent thrombosis (VLST) raises important safety issues regarding the first generation of drug-eluting stents (DES). Although several complex mechanisms for VLST have been suggested and various predictors have been described, its pathophysiology is not completely understood and it is not known whether longer-term dual antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk. We present a rare case of simultaneous very late DES thrombosis in the three vascular territories, following discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy seven years after stent placement, presenting as cardiogenic shock.
- Coronary artery fistula presenting as unstable anginaPublication . Silva-Vieira, M.; Antunes, M.; Anjo, D.; Palma, P.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.; Torres, S.
- Pulmonary embolism with thromboembolus in transitPublication . Silva-Vieira, M.; Anjo, D.; Antunes, N.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.; Torres, S.
- Criss-cross heart: Twisted anatomy by cardiovascular magnetic resonancePublication . Silva-Vieira, M.; Alpendurada, F.; Babu-Narayan, S.; Kilner, P.
- Long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program in the control of cardiovascular risk factorsPublication . Magalhães, S.; Ribeiro, M.; Barreira, A.; Fernandes, P.; Torres, S.; Lopes-Gomes, J; Viamonte, S.Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca visam melhorar a capacidade funcional do doente com patologia cardíaca, assim como educar e acompanhar no controlo dos seus fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca em doentes com doença cardíaca isquémica ao longo de 12 meses de follow-up no que se refere ao controlo dos fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos Estudo prospetivo que inclui doentes com diagnóstico de doença cardíaca isquémica que completaram programa de reabilitação cardíaca baseado no exercício entre janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, sem perda de dados no follow-up. Foram avaliados num momento inicial (primeira consulta da fase ii) aos 3, 6 e 12 meses depois, com registo dos seguintes parâmetros: índice de massa corporal, circometria abdominal, perfil lipídico, HbA1c nos doentes diabéticos, tensão arterial, tabagismo e nível de atividade física (através do International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Resultados Amostra de 256 doentes (76,2%; idade média: 67 anos); a dislipidemia revelou-se o fator de risco mais prevalente (74,2%) seguido de excesso ponderal (71,5%). No final da fase ii ocorreu uma melhoria estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) em todos os fatores de risco estudados, que se manteve aos 6 e 12 meses de follow-up, com a exceção do IMC (perda do significado estatístico na avaliação dos 6 meses; p=0,92). Conclusão Este estudo salienta a necessidade de programas de reabilitação cardíaca no contexto da prevenção secundária da doença cardiovascular e a importância de implementar estratégias que potenciem a manutenção dos benefícios a longo prazo.
- Position statement on bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in PortugalPublication . Teles, R.; Pereira, H.; Cyrne-Carvalho, H.; Patrício, L.; Santos, R.; Baptista, J.; Pipa, J.; Farto-Abreu, P.; Faria, H.; Ramos, S.; Gama-Ribeiro, V.; Martins, D.; Almeida, M.BACKGROUND: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were recently approved for percutaneous coronary intervention in Europe. The aim of this position statement is to review the information and studies on available BVS, to stimulate discussion on their use and to propose guidelines for this treatment option in Portugal. METHODS AND RESULTS: A working group was set up to reach a consensus based on current evidence, discussion of clinical case models and individual experience. The evidence suggests that currently available BVS can produce physiological and clinical improvements in selected patients. There are encouraging data on their durability and long-term safety. Initial indications were grouped into three categories: (a) consensual and appropriate - young patients, diabetic patients, left anterior descending artery, long lesions, diffuse disease, and hybrid strategy; (b) less consensual but possible - small collateral branches, stabilized acute coronary syndromes; and (c) inappropriate - left main disease, tortuosity, severe calcification. CONCLUSION: BVS are a viable treatment option based on the encouraging evidence of their applicability and physiological and clinical results. They should be used in appropriate indications and will require technical adaptations. Outcome monitoring and evaluation is essential to avoid inappropriate use. It is recommended that medical societies produce clinical guidelines based on high-quality registries as soon as possible.