Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-11"
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- Supervisão da educação clínica em Radiologia. Perspectiva do alunoPublication . Pereira, José ManuelA supervisão clínica na formação inicial dos Técnicos de Radiologia representa uma dimensão crucial no seu processo de educação pessoal e profissional, conduzindo ao desenvolvimento de competências em contexto de trabalho real. O supervisor (mentor) assume, assim, um papel predominante no processo supervisivo e um impacto considerável no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Por essa razão, o supervisor deve possuir um elevado nível de competências técnicas e pedagógicas. O objectivo deste estudo de caso é compreender o que os alunos pensam sobre as competências dos seus supervisores e de que forma elas interferem, influenciam e condicionam o seu processo de aprendizagem. Participaram neste estudo 32 alunos (do 3º ano do Curso de Radiologia), de uma escola politécnica situada no norte de Portugal. Foi utilizado como instrumento de recolha de dados, uma versão adaptada do questionário “Clinical Learning Assessment Invenctory – Mentor (CLASI-M)” de Abreu e Calvário (2005). Dos resultados do estudo emerge a relação supervisiva em conjunto com o feedback transmitido pelo supervisor ao longo do processo, como os factores que, na óptica dos participantes no estudo, mais contribuem para o sucesso da sua aprendizagem. O estudo identifica também algumas deficiências ao nível das competências pedagógicas dos supervisores. Acreditamos que este estudo poderá contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre o que os alunos pensam sobre o processo supervisivo e os papeis que devem desempenhar, nesta matéria, a escola, as organizações de saúde e o supervisor.
- A new 500 kb haplotype associated with high CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers predicts a less severe expression of hereditary hemochromatosisPublication . Cruz, E.; Whittington, C.; Krikler, S.; Mascarenhas, C.; Lacerda, R.; Vieira, J.; Porto, G.Abstract BACKGROUND: Hereditary Hemochromatosis(HH) is a common genetic disorder of iron overload where the large majority of patients are homozygous for one ancestral mutation in the HFE gene. In spite of this remarkable genetic homogeneity, the condition is clinically heterogeneous, varying from a severe disease to an asymptomatic phenotype with only abnormal biochemical parameters. The recent recognition of the variable penetrance of the HH mutation in different large population studies demands the need to search for new modifiers of its phenotypic expression. The present study follows previous observations that MHC class-I linked genetic markers, associated with the setting of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers, could be clinically relevant modifiers of the phenotypic expression in HH, and aimed to find new markers that could be used as more reliable prognostic variables. METHODS: Haplotype analysis, including seven genetic markers within a 1 Mb region around the microsatellite D6S105 was performed in a group of 56 previously characterized C282Y homozygous Portuguese patients. Parameters analyzed in this study were total body iron stores, clinical manifestations related with HH and immunological parameters (total lymphocyte numbers, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers). An independent group of 10 C282Y homozygous patients from Vancouver, Canada, were also included in this study and analyzed for the same parameters. RESULTS: A highly conserved ancestral haplotype defined by the SNP markers PGBD1-A, ZNF193-A, ZNF165-T (designated as A-A-T) was found associated with both abnormally low CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and the development of a severe clinical expression of HH. In a small proportion of patients, another conserved haplotype defined by the SNP markers PGBD1-G, ZNF193-G, ZNF165-G (designated as G-G-G) was found associated with high CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and a milder clinical expression. Remarkably, the two conserved haplotypes defined in Portuguese patients were also observed in the geographically different population of Canadian patients, also predicting CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and the severity of disease. CONCLUSION: These results may have important implications not only for approaching the question of the penetrance of the hemochromatosis gene in different world populations but also to further narrow the region of interest to find a candidate gene involved in the setting of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers in humans.