Browsing by Author "Rocha, J."
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- A case report of a 4-year-old child with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: An evidence based approach to nutritional managementPublication . Pinto, Al.; MacDonald, A.; Cleto, E.; Almeida, M.; Ramos, P.; Rocha, J.Pinto A, MacDonald A, Cleto E, Almeida MF, Ramos PC, Rocha JC. A case report of a 4-year-old child with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: An evidence based approach to nutritional management. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 189-192. The objective was to describe the nutritional management of a 4-year-old child with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. A 4-year-old male child, African descent, born from non-consanguineous parents presented with a clinical history of frequent respiratory infections, usually treated with antibiotics. At 30 months of age, G6PD diagnosis was made after eating one portion (40 - 60 g) of fava beans, resulting in severe hemolytic anemia hospitalization for 5 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by G6PD activity measurement. Nutritional counseling was given to avoid dietary oxidative stressors particularly the exclusion of fava beans and accidental ingestion of other similar beans. Dietary intake of high vitamin C containing foods was discouraged and adequate hydration advised. Nutritional management is crucial in preventing acute stress events in patients with G6PD deficiency.
- Infantile Refsum Disease: Influence of Dietary Treatment on Plasma Phytanic Acid LevelsPublication . Sá, M.; Rocha, J.; Almeida, M.; Carmona, C.; Martins, E.; Miranda, V.; Coutinho, M.; Ferreira, R.; Pacheco, S.; Laranjeira, F.; Ribeiro, I.; Fortuna, A.; Lacerda, L.Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) is one of the less severe of Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs), a group of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders resulting from a generalized peroxisomal function impairment. Increased plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and phytanic acid are biomarkers used in IRD diagnosis. Furthermore, an increased plasma level of phytanic acid is known to be associated with neurologic damage. Treatment of IRD is symptomatic and multidisciplinary.The authors report a 3-year-old child, born from consanguineous parents, who presented with developmental delay, retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural deafness and craniofacial dysmorphisms. While the relative level of plasma C26:0 was slightly increased, other VLCFA were normal. Thus, a detailed characterization of the phenotype was essential to point to a ZSD. Repeatedly increased levels of plasma VLCFA, along with phytanic acid and pristanic acid, deficient dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity in fibroblasts and identification of the homozygous pathogenic mutation c.2528G>A (p.Gly843Asp) in the PEX1 gene, confirmed this diagnosis. Nutritional advice and follow-up was proposed aiming phytanic acid dietary intake reduction. During dietary treatment, plasma levels of phytanic acid decreased to normal, and the patient's development evaluation showed slow progressive acquisition of new competences.This case report highlights the relevance of considering a ZSD in any child with developmental delay who manifests hearing and visual impairment and of performing a systematic biochemical investigation, when plasma VLCFA are mildly increased. During dietary intervention, a biochemical improvement was observed, and the long-term clinical effect of this approach needs to be evaluated.
- International practices in the dietary management of fructose 1-6 biphosphatase deficiencyPublication . Pinto, A.; Alfadhel, M.; Akroyd, R.; Atik Altınok, Y.; Bernabei, S.; Bernstein, L.; Bruni, G.; Caine, G.; Cameron, E.; Carruthers, R.; Cochrane, B.; Daly, A.; de Boer, F.; Delaunay, S.; Dianin, A.; Dixon, M.; Drogari, E.; Dubois, S.; Evans, S.; Gribben, J.; Gugelmo, G.; Heidenborg, C.; Hunjan, I.; Kok, I.; Kumru, B.; Liguori, A.; Mayr, D.; Megdad, E.; Meyer, U.; Oliveira, R.; Pal, A.; Pozzoli, A.; Pretese, R.; Rocha, J.; Rosenbaum-Fabian, S.; Serrano-Nieto, J.; Sjoqvist, E.; Timmer, C.; White, L.; van den Hurk, T.; van Rijn, M.; Zweers, H.; Ziadlou, M.; MacDonald, A.Background: In fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency, management aims to prevent hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis by avoiding prolonged fasting, particularly during febrile illness. Although the need for an emergency regimen to avoid metabolic decompensation is well established at times of illness, there is uncertainty about the need for other dietary management strategies such as sucrose or fructose restriction. We assessed international differences in the dietary management of FBPase deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire (13 questions) was emailed to all members of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (SSIEM) and a wide database of inherited metabolic disorder dietitians. Results: Thirty-six centres reported the dietary prescriptions of 126 patients with FBPase deficiency. Patients' age at questionnaire completion was: 1-10y, 46% (n = 58), 11-16y, 21% (n = 27), and >16y, 33% (n = 41). Diagnostic age was: <1y, 36% (n = 46); 1-10y, 59% (n = 74); 11-16y, 3% (n = 4); and >16y, 2% (n = 2). Seventy-five per cent of centres advocated dietary restrictions. This included restriction of: high sucrose foods only (n = 7 centres, 19%); fruit and sugary foods (n = 4, 11%); fruit, vegetables and sugary foods (n = 13, 36%). Twenty-five per cent of centres (n = 9), advised no dietary restrictions when patients were well. A higher percentage of patients aged >16y rather than ≤16y were prescribed dietary restrictions: patients aged 1-10y, 67% (n = 39/58), 11-16y, 63% (n = 17/27) and >16y, 85% (n = 35/41). Patients classified as having a normal fasting tolerance increased with age from 30% in 1-10y, to 36% in 11-16y, and 58% in >16y, but it was unclear if fasting tolerance was biochemically proven. Twenty centres (56%) routinely prescribed uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) to limit overnight fasting in 47 patients regardless of their actual fasting tolerance (37%). All centres advocated an emergency regimen mainly based on glucose polymer for illness management. Conclusions: Although all patients were prescribed an emergency regimen for illness, use of sucrose and fructose restricted diets with UCCS supplementation varied widely. Restrictions did not relax with age. International guidelines are necessary to help direct future dietary management of FBPase deficiency.
- [Pressure ulcer management-‐Evidence‐based interventions]Publication . Rocha, J.; Miranda, M.; Andrade, M.Apesar da modernização dos cuidados de saúde, a prevalência das úlceras de pressão permanece elevada, particularmente nos doentes hospitalizados. Estas úlceras são uma importante causa de morbilidade e mortalidade, afectando a qualidade de vida do doente e dos seus cuidadores, e constituindo uma insustentável sobrecarga económica para os serviços de saúde. Uma precoce e regular estratificação do risco de desenvolver uma úlcera de pressão é fundamental para a adopção de medidas preventivas adequadas e para a implementação de uma estratégia terapêutica atempada. Esta inclui métodos para redução de factores predisponentes à hipoperfusão tecidual, a optimização do estado geral e nutricional do doente, e cuidados locais da úlcera de pressão. A estratégia terapêutica permanece em grande medida dependente da experiência pessoal, divergindo entre os diferentes centros, e carecendo da necessária comprovação científica. Esta revisão partiu da necessidade de fundamentar, segundo as evidências actuais, as diferentes intervenções terapêuticas de modo a elaborar um protocolo de actuação uniformizado no internamento do Serviço. Após uma exaustiva pesquisa bibliográfica e dado as úlceras de pressão permanecerem um problema de alta prevalência, resolvemos publicar este trabalho como uma base directiva para a prevenção e tratamento das úlceras de pressão em doentes de alto risco.PRESSURE ULCER MANAGEMENT - EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS Despite improved awareness and quality of care among health care personnel, pressure ulcers prevalence remains high especially in the inpatient setting. Pressure ulcers are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, affecting the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, and significantly increasing direct and indirect healthcare costs. Early risk assessment for developing a pressure ulcer is essential to decide on the appropriate preventive measures and for initiation of a tailored therapeutic approach. Interventions include strategies to reduce extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with tissue ischemia, optimization of patient’s nutritional status, and local wound care. This revision intends to review current evidence-based therapeutic interventions in pressure ulcer care, and support implementation of management protocols in an inpatient ward.
- Pulmonary hypertension: Real-world data from a Portuguese expert referral centrePublication . Gomes, A.; Cruz, C.; Rocha, J.; Ricardo, M.; Vicente, M.; Melo, A.; Santos, M.; Carvalho, L.; Gonçalves, F.; Reis, A.Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous, debilitating condition with highly relevant impact on functional capacity, quality of life, and life-expectancy.
- Special low protein foods for phenylketonuria: availability in Europe and an examination of their nutritional profilePublication . Pena, M.; Almeida, M.; van Dam, E.; Ahring, K.; Bélanger-Quintana, A.; Dokoupil, K.; Gokmen-Ozel, H.; Lammardo, A.; MacDonald, A.; Robert, M.; Rocha, J.Background Special low protein foods (SLPF) are essential in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The study objectives were to: 1) identify the number of SLPF available for use in eight European countries and Turkey and 2) analyse the nutritional composition of SLPF available in one of these countries. Methods European Nutritionist Expert Panel on PKU (ENEP) members (Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Denmark and Turkey) provided data on SPLF available in each country. The nutritional composition of Portuguese SLPF was compared with regular food products. Results The number of different SLPF available in each country varied widely with a median of 107 [ranging from 73 (Portugal) and 256 (Italy)]. Food analysis of SLPF available from a single country (Portugal) indicated that the mean phenylalanine content was higher in low protein baby cereals (mean 48 mg/100 g) and chocolate/energy bars/jelly (mean 41 mg/100 g). The energy content of different foods from a sub-group of SLPF (cookies) varied widely between 23 and 96 kcal/cookie. Low protein bread had a high fat content [mean 5.8 g/100 g (range 3.7 to 10)] compared with 1.6 g/100 g in regular bread. Seven of the 12 SLPF sub-groups (58 %) did not declare any vitamin content, and only 4 (33 %) identified a limited number of minerals. Conclusions Whilst equal and free access to all SLPF is desirable, the widely variable nutritional composition requires careful nutritional knowledge of all products when prescribed for individual patients with PKU. There is a need for more specific nutritional standards for special low protein foods.
- The Use of Glycomacropeptide in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPublication . Pena, M.; Pinto, A.; Daly, A.; MacDonald, A.; Azevedo, L.; Rocha, J.; Borges, N.In phenylketonuria (PKU), synthetic protein derived from L-amino acids (AAs) is essential in a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), an intact protein, is very low in Phe in its native form. It has been modified and adapted for PKU to provide an alternative protein source through supplementation with rate-limiting amino acids (GMP-AAs), although it still contains residual Phe. This review aims to systematically evaluate published intervention studies on the use of GMP-AAs in PKU by considering its impact on blood Phe control (primary aim) and changes in tyrosine control, nutritional biomarkers, and patient acceptability or palatability (secondary aims). Four electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2007 to June 2018. Of the 274 studies identified, only eight were included. Bias risk was assessed and a quality appraisal of the body of evidence was completed. A meta-analysis was performed with two studies with adequate comparable methodology which showed no differences between GMP-AAs and AAs for any of the interventions analysed. This work underlines the scarcity and nature of studies with GMP-AAs interventions. All were short-term with small sample sizes. There is a need for better-designed studies to provide the best evidence-based recommendations.
- Tratamento dietético no metabolismo energéticoPublication . Rocha, J.
- [Ventilatory dysfunction in motor neuron disease: when and how to act?]Publication . Rocha, J.; Miranda, M.A esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma doença neurodegenerativa devastadora, envolvendo neurónios motores do córtex cerebral, tronco cerebral e medula espinhal. A sobrevida média após o diagnóstico é de 15 meses, sendo as complicações pulmonares responsáveis por mais de 85% das mortes. Apesar da inevitabilidade da disfunção ventilatória e da morte a curto prazo, protocolos de intervenção estandardizados permitem atrasar ou evitar a necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo, melhorando a qualidade de vida e prolongando a sobrevida. Os autores apresentam um protocolo de intervenção baseado na progressão clínica e em parâmetros respiratórios objectivos. A decisão sobre o início da ventilação não invasiva (VNI) e de técnicas adjuvantes, como o recrutamento de volume pulmonar (RVP) e tosse assistida mecânica, é dependente do aparecimento de sintomas de hipoventilação e da deterioração dos parâmetros respiratórios especialmente os respeitantes à função bulbar. Estes incluem a capacidade inspiratória máxima (CIM), diferença entre a CIM e CV (CIM-CV) e o fluxo pico associado à tosse (PCF). Um programa de educação do doente e seus cuidadores quanto ao uso destas técnicas terapêuticas não invasivas tituladas pelo biofeedback com oximetria, permite reduções no número e duração de hospitalizações, episódios de pneumonia e insuficiência respiratória grave e atrasar ou evitar a necessidade de traqueostomia. A utilização de oxigénio suplementar deve ser evitado neste grupo de doentes por inviabilizar a utilização da oximetria para controlar a aplicação das técnicas não invasivas adjuvantes, e por estar associada a diminuição do drive respiratório central com agravamento da hipercapnia.