Browsing by Author "Costa, E."
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- Adenopatia supraclavicular no lactente: um desafio diagnósticoPublication . Silva, H.; Barbosa, T.; Costa, E.; Morais, L.; Ramos, A.RESUMO Introdução: As adenopatias na criança são um motivo frequente de consulta e representam um desafio diagnóstico. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui principalmente a patologia infecciosa, a congénita e a neoplásica. Caso Clínico: Descrevemos o caso de um lactente de sete meses de idade com uma adenopatia supraclavicular unilateral, indolor, com três meses de evolução. O estudo analítico não demonstrou alterações e na radiografia pulmonar observou-se um infiltrado hilar bilateral. A prova tuberculínica foi positiva com uma induração de 20mm. O exame anatomo-patológico evidenciou alterações compatíveis com linfadenite tuberculosa. Conclusão: Salientamos que a tuberculose deverá ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de uma adenopatia supra-clavicular, especialmente nos países de alta prevalência.
- Anemia ferripriva refractária à terapêutica com ferro oral – que etiologias?Publication . Martins, S.; Costa, E.; Ribeiro, L.; Salgado, M.; Couto, C.; Pereira, F.; Barbot, J.Introdução: Uma anemia ferripriva refractária (AFR) à terapêutica com ferro oral pode colocar questões delicadas em termos de diagnóstico etiológico. O não cumprimento da terapêutica ou a deficiente correcção de eventuais erros alimentares são as causas mais frequentes. No entanto, é importante ponderar outras etiologias como défice de absorção, hemorragia oculta assim como erros de metabolismo do ferro. Objectivos: Os autores pretendem discutir os diagnósticos diferenciais de AFR bem como a pertinência dos exames auxiliares de diagnóstico. Material e Métodos: Foi efectuado um estudo retrospectivo dos processos clínicos de seis doentes em idade pediátrica com anemia ferripriva refractária ao ferro oral. Resultados: Três doentes apresentavam patologia gastrointestinal com má absorção de ferro, um apresentava hemorragia oculta e duas crianças tinham anemia ferripriva provocada por erros do metabolismo do ferro. Discussão/Conclusões: Discute-se a pertinência e oportunidade das seguintes investigações etiológicas: parâmetros hematológicos, padrão dos parâmetros bioquímicos de ferro, prova terapêutica de absorção, rastreio de patologia de absorção, resposta terapêutica ao ferro endovenoso e/ou ferro de absorção não dependente da secreção gástrica e investigação endoscópica e histológica do tracto digestivo. Conclui-se ser importante no estudo destes doentes a elaboração de uma metodologia de investigação que tenha em conta elementos de ordem epidemiológica, semiológica e analítica assim como a utilização criteriosa de exames auxiliares de diagnóstico invasivos. ABSTRACT Background: A refractory iron deficiency anaemia may have some issues considering its aetiology. Non-compliance to drug therapies and persistent dietary errors are the most common causes. However, it is important to consider other possibilities such as malabsorption, occult bleeding and errors on iron metabolism. Purpose: The authors aim to demonstrate the need of a diagnostic investigation strategy in a refractory iron deficiency anaemia study. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of medical records of six patients with refractory iron deficiency anaemia. Results: Three patients had gastrointestinal pathology with impaired absorption of iron, one had occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and two children had iron deficiency caused by iron metabolism disorders. Discussion / Conclusion: The relevance of the following investigations are discussed: hematologic indices, iron-status indicators, screening of malabsorption, response to intravenous iron and/or oral iron formulation independent of gastric acid secretion and endoscopic and histological investigation of the digestive tract. The development of a research methodology that considers epidemiologic, clinical and analytical factors is necessary in such patients.
- Bilirubin is independently associated with oxidized LDL levels in young obese patientsPublication . Nascimento, H.; Alves, A.; Coimbra, S.; Catarino, C.; Gomes, D.; Bronze-da-Rocha, E.; Costa, E.; Rocha-Pereira, P.; Aires, L.; Mota, J.; Mansilha, H.; Rêgo, C.; Santos-Silva, A.; Belo, L.BACKGROUND: Bilirubin can prevent lipid oxidation in vitro, but the association in vivo with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels has been poorly explored. Our aim is to the association of Ox-LDL with total bilirubin (TB) levels and with variables related with metabolic syndrome and inflammation, in young obese individuals. FINDINGS: 125 obese patients (13.4 years; 53.6% females) were studied. TB, lipid profile including Ox-LDL, markers of glucose metabolism, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin were determined. Anthropometric data was also collected. In all patients, Ox-LDL correlated positively with BMI, total cholesterol, LDLc, triglycerides (TG), CRP, glucose, insulin and HOMAIR; while inversely with TB and HDLc/Total cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05 for all). In multiple linear regression analysis, LDLc, TG, HDLc and TB levels were significantly associated with Ox-LDL (standardized Beta: 0.656, 0.293, -0.283, -0.164, respectively; P < 0.01 for all). After removing TG and HDLc from the analysis, HOMAIR was included in the regression model. In this new model, LDLc remained the best predictor of Ox-LDL levels (β = 0.665, P < 0.001), followed by TB (β = -0.202, P = 0.002) and HOMAIR (β = 0.163, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Lower bilirubin levels may contribute to increased LDL oxidation in obese children and adolescents, predisposing to increased cardiovascular risk.
- Body fat percentage is a major determinant of total bilirubin independently of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in young obesePublication . Belo, L.; Nascimento, H.; Kohlova, M.; Bronze-da-Rocha, E.; Fernandes, J.; Costa, E.; Catarino, C.; Aires, L.; Mansilha, H.; Rocha-Pereira, P.; Quintanilha, A.; Rêgo, C.; Santos-Silva, A.OBJECTIVES: Bilirubin has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The UGT1A1*28 polymorphism (TA repeats in the promoter region) is a major determinant of bilirubin levels and recent evidence suggests that raised adiposity may also be a contributing factor. We aimed to study the interaction between UGT1A1 polymorphism, hematological and anthropometric variables with total bilirubin levels in young individuals. METHODS: 350 obese (mean age of 11.6 years; 52% females) and 79 controls (mean age of 10.5 years; 59% females) were included. Total bilirubin and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels, hemogram, anthropometric data and UGT1A1 polymorphism were determined. In a subgroup of 74 obese and 40 controls body composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The UGT1A1 genotype frequencies were 49.9%, 42.7% and 7.5% for 6/6, 6/7 and 7/7 genotypes, respectively. Patients with 7/7 genotype presented the highest total bilirubin levels, followed by 6/7 and 6/6 genotypes. Compared to controls, obese patients presented higher erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and CRP levels, but no differences in bilirubin or in UGT1A1 genotype distribution. Body fat percentage was inversely correlated with bilirubin in obese patients but not in controls. This inverse association was observed either in 6/7 or 6/6 genotype obese patients. UGT1A1 polymorphism and body fat percentage were the main factors affecting bilirubin levels within obese patients (linear regression analysis). CONCLUSION: In obese children and adolescents, body fat composition and UGT1A1 polymorphism are independent determinants of total bilirubin levels. Obese individuals with 6/6 UGT1A1 genotype and higher body fat mass may benefit from a closer clinical follow-up.
- Caso hematológico: Anemia de FanconiPublication . Nascimento, P.; Costa, E.; Porto, B.; Barbot, J.The authors present the case of a child with complex congenital heart defect, bilateral malformation of the thumbs, hearing loss, failure to thrive and delayed psychomotor development, oriented to the hematology consultation at the age of 9 years for the presence of thrombocytopenia and macrocytosis.
- Caso hematológico: hemorragia tardia pós adeno-amigdalectomiaPublication . Salgado, M.; Costa, E.; Campos, F.; Leite, L.; Freitas, I.; Barbot, J.The authors present the clinical case of a six years old child followed by Pediatric Hematology because of anemia detected after a late hemorrhage following adenotonsillectomy, debating the differential diagnosis and management.
- Caso hematológico: Púrpura Trombocitopénica IdiopáticaPublication . São Simão, T.; Salgado, M.; Costa, E.; Barbot, J.The immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a controversial disease. The generality of the literature argues that a historical objective clinical examination and a blood count with careful observation of the peripheral blood smear is sufficient for diagnosis. Some cases contradict this belief.
- Caso hematológico: trombocitemia essencialPublication . Lopes, R.; Araújo, L.; Costa, E.; Soares, S.; Barbot, J.Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare disease in pediatric age. The dominant clinical manifestations are thrombotic (arterial or venous) and/or hemorrhagic, but most of the cases are asymptomatic, and diagnosis made by routine hemogram. A previously healthy adolescent, federated football player, was oriented to the paediatric haematology consultation, at the age of 15 years, because of the presence of sustained thrombocytosis. It was established the diagnosis of Essential Thrombocythemia based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008. The authors highlight the importance of establishing this diagnosis, even in pediatric age, to set the earliest possible a strategy of clinical surveillance, prevention of associated complications and the most adequate therapeutic approach.
- Como transporta os seus filhos?Publication . Borges, A.; Costa, E.; Pinto, M.; Costa, M.RESUMO Os acidentes rodoviários são a principal causa de morte e incapacidade temporária e definitiva em crianças e jovens em Portugal. Objectivo: Caracterizar a forma como os pais transportam os seus filhos em veículos motorizados ao Serviço de Urgência (SU), bem como o grau de informação sobre o transporte, relacionando-o com o perfil sócio-cultural e demográfico da amostra. Material e Métodos: Estudo analítico e aleatório, com base em questionário aplicado aos pais das crianças atendidas no SU do Hospital de São Miguel, sem motivo de urgência/emergência, no período de Novembro de 2003 a Abril de 2004. Para a análise dos resultados foram considerados 4 grupos etários, tendo em conta a forma de transporte seguro (< 18 meses, 18 meses aos 3 anos, 4 aos 6 anos, 7 aos 13 anos). Resultados: Foram obtidos 254 questionários. A média de idades foi de 3 anos e 1 mês (mínima 1 mês e máxima 13 anos), com um predomínio das crianças com idade ≤ 18 meses (39%). A maioria das famílias era de nível social médio baixo (Graffar IV – 51%) ou médio (Graffar III – 33%). O tipo de transporte mais utilizado foi o automóvel (99%). Apenas 35% da amostra estudada transportava as suas crianças de forma correcta, com base nas normas e dispositivos de segurança adequados, actualmente em vigor. A protecção correcta foi mais frequente nas crianças entre os 18 meses e os 3 anos – 54% contra 31% do resto da amostra. Uma maior protecção correcta foi associada aos níveis de escolaridade mais elevados dos progenitores. Apesar de 53 pais terem sofrido algum acidente de viação, apenas 38% consideraram que o acidente teve alguma repercussão na forma como os seus filhos são transportados. É de salientar que 63% dos inquiridos desconhecia qualquer tipo de campanha de prevenção / ensino da forma correcta de transporte das crianças. Comentários e Conclusões: Verificámos que, na amostra estudada, a utilização dos sistemas de retenção de forma correcta e segura para o transporte de crianças é altamente insuficiente, sendo emergente implementar medidas que alterem estes comportamentos. ABSTRACT Road accidents are the main cause of death and of temporary and definitive incapacity in children and youths in Portugal. Objective: To characterize the way parents transport their children in motorized vehicles to the Emergency Department (ED), their knowledge about child passenger safety and the influence of the socio-cultural and demographic profile on their attitude. Material and Methods: Analytical and random study based on a questionnaire applied to the parents of the children that were evaluated in the ED of the Hospital of Sao Miguel, with no urgency or emergency cause of attendance, from November/ 2003 to April/2004. We considered four groups according to the age and the different ways of safe transport (bellow 18 months, 18 months to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, 7 to 13 years). Results: We obtained 254 questionnaires. The average age was 3 years and 1 month (minimum 1 month, maximum 13 years), with a predominance of children aged less than 18 months (39%). The majority of families belonged to low (Graffar IV - 51%) or medium (Graffar III - 33%) social level. The automobile was the most common way of transportation (99%). Only 35% of the studied sample transported their children based on the right legal norms and adequate safety devices. Right protection was more frequent in children between 18 months and 3 years - 54%, versus 31% in the rest of the sample. Better safety procedures were associated with high educational levels of the parents. Fifty-three parents suffered a road accident, however only 38% considered that the accident had some repercussion in the form their children were transported. It is import to point out that 63% of the inquired parents were unaware of any type of campaign of prevention about child passenger safety. Commentaries and Conclusions: In this study, we verified that the use of child restraints in the right and safe way is highly insufficient and it is emergent to implement measures to change these behaviours and prevent children’s death and incapacity.
- Effect of Aging in the Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients under Online-HemodiafiltrationPublication . Moura, A.; Madureira, J.; Alija, P.; Fernandes, J.; Oliveira, .; Lopez, M.; Filgueiras, M.; Amado, L.; Sameiro-Faria, M.; Miranda, V.; Santos-Silva, A.; Costa, E.This work aimed to evaluate how aging could influence patients' perception of health quality of life (HRQOL), as well as, the effect of aging on dialysis adequacy and in hematological, iron status, inflammatory and nutritional markers. In this transversal study were enrolled 305 ESRD patients under online-hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) (59.67% males; 64.9 ± 14.3 years old). Data about comorbidities, hematological data, iron status, dialysis adequacy, nutritional and inflammatory markers were collected from patient's records. Moreover, HRQOL score, by using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF), was assessed. Analyzing the results according to quartiles of age, significant differences were found for some parameters evaluated by the KDQOL-SF instrument, namely for work status, physical functioning and role-physical, which decreased with increasing age. We also found a higher proportion of diabetic patients, a decrease in creatinine, iron, albumin serum levels, transferrin saturation and nPCR, with increasing age. Moreover, significant negative correlations were found between age and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, iron, transferrin saturation, albumin, nPCR, work status, physical functioning and role-physical. In conclusion, our results showed that aging is associated with a decreased work status, physical functioning and role-physical, with a decreased dialysis adequacy, iron availability and nutritional status, and with an increased proportion of diabetic patients and of patients using central venous catheter, as the vascular access. The knowledge of these changes associated with aging, which have impact in the quality of life of the patients, could be useful in their management.