SNOS - Artigos publicados em revistas indexadas na Medline
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- Acute ischemic stroke secondary to glioblastoma. A case reportPublication . Pina, S.; Carneiro, A.; Rodrigues, T.; Samões, R.; Taipa, R.; Melo-Pires, M.; Pereira, C.Glioblastoma is a malignant infiltrative glial tumor occurring most often over 50 years of age, with diverse clinical presentations. We describe a case of temporal lobe glioblastoma with a rare presentation as an acute ischemic stroke, discussing the imaging and histopathological findings, and reviewing the literature. A 77-year-old woman had sudden onset of left hemiparesis and hemihypoesthesia. The neuroradiological studies revealed an acute ischemic lesion in the right lenticulostriate arteries territory and a right anterior temporal lobe tumor, enhancing heterogeneously after contrast with enhancement of the right middle cerebral artery wall. Histopathological analysis of the resected temporal lesion revealed a glioblastoma multiforme with tumoral infiltration of the vascular wall. Glioblastoma should be considered in the etiology of acute ischemic stroke, where neuroimaging plays an important diagnostic role, enabling a more immediate therapeutic approach, with a consequent impact on survival.
- ALTERAÇÕES VÉSICO-ESFINCTERIANAS NO PARKINSONISMOPublication . Andrade, M.; Trêpa, ADepois de uma breve revisão da euroanatomia e da neurofisiologia vésico-esfincteriana é feita uma análise das alterações vésico-esfincterianas no Parkinsonismo e a sua correlação com a doença, com os fármacos utilizados no tratamento desta doença e com eventuais problemas prostáticos. Conclui-se que cada caso terá obrigatoriamente que ser estudado individualmente.Further to a brief review of the vesical-sphincterian neuroanatomy and neurophisology, we analyse the vesical-sphincterian dysfunction in the Parkinson disease and its relation with this illness, with the drugs used in its treatment and with eventual prostatic problems. We therefore conclude that each case should be studied individually.
- Are Stroke Occurrence and Outcome Related to Weather Parameters? Results from a Population-Based Study in Northern PortugalPublication . Magalhães, R.; Silva, M.; Correia, M.; Bailey, T.Background: Changes in meteorological parameters have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and stroke. The high incidence of stroke in Portugal may be modelled by short- or long-term weather changes whose effect may be different across stroke types and severity. Methods: Data include all patients with a first-ever-in-a-lifetime stroke registered in a population of 86,023 residents in the city of Porto from October 1998 to September 2000. Specific stroke types were considered and ischaemic stroke (IS) subtype was defined according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Projet classification and the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Information on daily temperature, humidity and air pressure was obtained from the National Meteorological Office. The Poisson distribution was used to model the daily number of events as a function of each weather parameter measured over different hazard periods, and the binomial model to contrast effects across subgroups. Differential effects of meteorological parameters and hazard periods upon stroke occurrence and outcome were analysed in a stepwise model. Results: Among the 462 patients registered, 19.6% had a primary intracerebral haemorrhage (PICH) and 75.3% an IS. Among patients with IS, 21.6% were total anterior circulation infarcts (TACIs), 19.8% partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACIs), 19.5% posterior circulation infarcts (POCIs) and 39.1% were lacunar infarcts (LACIs). The aetiology of IS was large artery atherosclerosis in 6.9%, cardioembolism in 23.3% and small artery occlusion in 35.6%. The incidence of PICH increased by 11.8% (95% CI: 3.8–20.4%) for each degree drop in the diurnal temperature range in the preceding day. The incidence of IS increased by 3.9% (95% CI: 1.6–6.3%) and cardioembolic IS by 5.0% (95% CI: 0.2–10.1%) for a 1 ° C drop in minimum temperature in the same hazard period. The incidence of TACIs followed the IS pattern while for PACIs and POCIs there were stronger effects of longer hazard periods and no association was found for LACIs. The relative risk of a fatal versus a non-fatal stroke increased by 15.5% (95% CI: 6.1–25.4%) for a 1 ° C drop in maximum temperature over the previous day. Conclusions: Outdoor temperature and related meteorological parameters are associated with stroke occurrence and severity. The different hazard periods for temperature effects and the absence of association with LACIs may explain the heterogeneous effects of weather on stroke occurrence found in community- based and hospital admission studies. Emergency services should be aware that specific weather conditions are more likely to prompt calls for more severe strokes.
- Arterial Spin Labeling: Experiência Inicial, Indicações Clínicas e DificuldadesPublication . Carneiro, A.; Pina, S.; Moreira, B.RESUMO O arterial spin labeling (ASL) é uma técnica de perfusão por ressonância magnética (RM) que usa os protões das moléculas de água do sangue arterial como marcador endógeno. As suas principais vantagens residem no facto de ser um método não invasivo, rápido e que dispensa a administração de contraste. Actualmente os seus resultados são reprodutíveis de modo robusto, o que o torna uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada na prática clínica. O objectivo deste trabalho é apresentar a nossa experiência inicial com o ASL, salientando os aspectos técnicos, as principais solicitações clínicas, os resultados obtidos e as dificuldades experimentadas. Métodos: Foi efectuada uma revisão dos exames realizados durante um período de oito meses, usando uma técnica de ASL pulsado, num aparelho de 3T. A avaliação dos mapas de perfusão foi realizada de modo qualitativo. Resultados: As principais indicações clínicas para a realização de ASL foram epilepsia, doenças neuro-degenerativas e tumores intra-parenquimatosos. Embora o ASL não tenha sido, em nenhum dos casos, a principal ferramenta diagnóstica, contribuiu, por vezes, com dados fisiológicos importantes para o diagnóstico e para a orientação terapêutica. Salientam-se os casos de doentes com múltiplas crises epilépticas nos quais foi possível identificar focos de hiperperfusão pós-ictal (cujos resultados foram concordantes com o SPECT). Destacam-se ainda casos de doenças neuro-degenerativas nos quais o ASL identificou áreas de hipoperfusão típicas das respectivas entidades nosológicas. As principais dificuldades estiveram relacionadas com o carácter qualitativo da avaliação e com a valorização clínica dos achados. Conclusão: O estudo da perfusão cerebral por ASL tem um potencial diagnóstico importante. Com este trabalho mostramos que, com uma aquisição rápida e pós-processamento simples, pode facilmente integrar os estudos de RM de rotina. Abstract Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a MR perfusion technique that uses protons from water molecules of the arterial blood as an endogenous tracer. It is fast, non-invasive and does not require gadolinium administration. Due to the increasing robustness of the results, it is becoming an important clinical tool. In this article we present our initial experience with ASL, highlighting some technical aspects, the main clinical applications, some achieved results and most important difficulties. Methods: Review of the examinations performed during eight months, using a pulsating ASL technique in a 3T machine. Perfusion maps were evaluated qualitatively. Results: The most frequent clinical applications were epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders and tumours. Although perfusion data from ASL had never been crucial for diagnosis, it still provided substantial information. We highlight two epileptic patients who had had recent seizures, in which ASL depicted distinct post-ictal hyperperfusion areas (with the results being confirmed by SPECT studies). The impact was also remarkable in patients with neurodegenerative disorders in which ASL depicted hypoperfusion areas, typical of each nosological entity. The main difficulties were related to the lack of quantitative evaluation and to the clinical interpretation of the results obtained. Conclusion: ASL perfusion studies have a great potential in several clinical conditions. In this article we show that, with a fast acquisition and easy post-processing, it can integrate routine MRI examinations.
- Assessing risk factors for migraine: differences in gender transmissionPublication . Lemos, C.; Alonso, I.; Barros, J.; Sequeiros, J.; Pereira-Monteiro, J.; Mendonça, D.; Sousa, A.Abstract AIM: Our aim was to assess which specific factors are contributing to an increased risk of migraine in a group of 131 Portuguese families. METHODS: We studied 319 first-degree relatives, using a multilevel approach to account for the dependency among members from the same family. We included in the model relative's gender, the proband's gender and age-at-onset, to evaluate if any of these variables were associated with relative's affection status. We also included in the model proband's migraine subtype. We further assessed female and male transmissions within the proband nuclear family. RESULTS: Relatives' gender was found to be a risk factor for migraine (Odds Ratio = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.75-4.67), with females at a higher risk. When splitting probands according to their migraine subtype, we found that none of the variables studied contributed to relatives of MA-probands affection-status. Our results also show a significant difference between proband's transmission and the gender of the parents and offspring. CONCLUSIONS: With this study, we showed that gender is truly a risk factor for migraine and that a gender-biased transmission is also observed. This reinforce the importance of identifying genes associated with migraine that are modulated by genes located in the sex chromosomes and the study of mitochondrial DNA or X-chromosome and hormonal-related effects associated with migraine susceptibility
- Asymmetric Elevation of the EyesPublication . Nascimento, J.; Pinto, F.
- Atypical Cogan’s SyndromePublication . Queirós, J.; Maia, S.; Seca, M.; Friande, A.; Araújo, M.; Meireles, A.Background. Cogan's syndrome is a rare clinical entity whose etiopathology is still unknown, and the treatment strategies are not clearly defined. Case. A 23-year-old male presented with symptoms of headache, peripheral facial palsy, persistent right hearing loss and bilateral papillitis. Workup excluded all infectious, granulomatous, neoplastic, and immune causes. The diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome was established, and the patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and later on with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. There were improvement of visual symptoms and stabilisation of left hearing. Conclusion. Cogan's syndrome is a very rare disease with no specific biological tests for the diagnosis. The diagnostic exams are mostly important to exclude other etiologies. The atypical ocular and audiovestibular manifestations make the diagnosis difficult, delaying the institution of appropriate therapy which may result in profound bilateral deafness.
- Avaliação da Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral no Norte de Portugal: Caracterização e Prognóstico dos UtilizadoresPublication . Moutinho, M.; Magalhães, R.; Correia, M.; Silva, C.Introdução: Em 2002 Portugal detinha uma das mais altas taxas de mortalidade por doenças cerebrovasculares entre os países europeus. Várias estratégias foram adoptadas para melhorar a prevenção da doença e o seu tratamento na fase aguda, entre as quais a criação da Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral. O objectivo deste trabalho é descrever a utilização e resultados desta estratégia no contexto de um registo prospectivo comunitário na Região Norte de Portugal. Material e Métodos: Foram registados todos os AVCs ocorridos entre 1 de Outubro de 2009 e 30 de Setembro de 2010 nos utentes inscritos no agrupamento de centros de saúde do Porto Ocidental e nos de Mirandela e Vila Pouca de Aguiar. Para a detecção de casos utilizaram-se múltiplas fontes de informação: notificação via WEB, e-mail, Alerta P1 e pesquisas sistemáticas em registos disponibilizados pelas entidades envolvidas - urgências hospitalares, listas de altas, procedimentos de diagnóstico, óbitos, Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral e serviço de atendimento de situações urgentes. Resultados: Ocorreram 600 AVCs em 241 000 habitantes (taxa de incidência de 250 / 100 000), dos quais 434 foram primeiros na vida (180 / 100 000). Foram registados 72 acessos à Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral, dos quais 66,7% foram diagnosticados como AVC. Considerando os quatro critérios de activação (idade ≤ 80 anos, independência funcional, sinais/sintomas do AVC e tempo após episódio ≤ 3 horas), só 15,9% dos doentes a poderiam utilizar e, dos utilizadores, apenas 56,3% satisfaziam esses critérios. Dos doentes com critérios de activação, foram internados 96,3% pela VV pré-hospitalar, 83,3% pela VV intra/inter-hospitalar e 64,0% dos restantes; a fibrinólise foi realizada em 77,3%, 36,4% e 17,4% dos doentes com enfarte cerebral, respectivamente. O Rankin pós- AVC é mais grave nos utilizadores da VV pré-hospitalar (70,3% vs. 35,3%), mas estes apresentam mais assiduamente os três sinais/ sintomas de AVC (44,4% vs. 16,2%). Ajustando para a idade, sexo e número de sinais, o risco de incapacidade grave pós-AVC não é significativamente diferente no acesso pela VV pré-hospitalar (RP = 2,9; IC 95%: 0,8 - 10,2), bem como a taxa de letalidade. Conclusões: Os critérios para activação da Via Verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral são muito restritivos. Embora esta seja mais vezes accionada em situações clínicas graves, a proporção de doentes que realizou fibrinólise é relativamente alta em comparação com outros estudos.
- Bilateral proliferative retinopathy as the initial presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia.Publication . Macedo, M.; Figueiredo, A.; Ferreira, N.; Barbosa, I.; Furtado, M.; Correia, N.; Gomes, M.; Lume, M.; Menéres, M.; Santos, M.; Meireles, M.The authors report a rare case of a 48-year-old male with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who initially presented with a bilateral proliferative retinopathy. The patient complained of recent visual loss and floaters in both eyes (BE). Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/50 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye (LE). Fundoscopy showed the presence of bilateral peripheral capillary dropout with multiple retinal sea fan neovascularisations, which were confirmed on fluorescein angiography. Full blood count revealed hyperleukocytosis, thrombocytosis, anemia, and hyperuricemia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed the reciprocal chromosomal translocation t (9;22), diagnostic of CML. The patient was started on hydroxyurea, allopurinol and imatinib mesylate. He received bilateral panretinal laser photocoagulation and a vitrectomy was performed in the LE. The patient has been in complete hematologic, cytogenetic, and major molecular remission while on imatinib and his BCVA is 20/25 in BE.
- A case of haemophagocytic syndrome presenting with oculogyric crisesPublication . Taipa, R.; Moreira, B.; França, M.; Maia, L.Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also called haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), is a rare disorder resulting in abnormal proliferation of histiocytes in tissues and organs, including the CNS. HLH can present as a primary disease or occur as a secondary reactive disease. Clinical features are high fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia of two or more cell lines, hypertriglyceridaemia and haemophagocytosis. CNS involvement varies between 10% and 73%, and clinical manifestations include seizures, decreased sensorium, brainstem symptoms, ataxia or demyelinating peripheral neuropathy.